Factors affecting the weight of fertilized eggs produced

Factors affecting the weight of fertilized eggs produced
The weight of fertile eggs is one of the important indicators in broiler breeder and layer breeder production units, as egg weight plays a direct role in the quality of day-old chicks and the final efficiency of the hatchery. Various factors affect this indicator, which are examined as follows:
1. Breed and genetics of the breeder flock
Different breeds and lines of breeder hens have distinct genetic characteristics. Breeds such as Ross and Cobb typically produce eggs with varying weights. Genetics influence the size and body weight of the hen, which in turn affects the size of the egg.
2. Age of the flock
Egg weight is usually lower at the beginning of the production period (24 to 30 weeks) and gradually increases with the age of the flock, especially after 40 weeks. This factor should be considered in hatchery operations because eggs that are too light or too heavy reduce hatching quality.
3. Nutrition and diet
The levels of protein, energy, and minerals—especially calcium, phosphorus, and essential amino acids—in the breeder hen's diet have a direct impact on the size and weight of the eggs. Using balanced diets along with vitamin and mineral supplements leads to a more consistent increase in egg weight.
4. Environmental conditions and barn management
High temperatures, poor ventilation, and overcrowding reduce appetite and disrupt the bird's metabolism, leading to a decrease in egg weight. Conversely, proper management of temperature and humidity helps maintain metabolic balance and supports egg weight.
5. Health status of the flock
Metabolic diseases, viral infections (such as infectious bronchitis), or nutritional deficiencies can cause thin shells and low egg weight. Vaccination and proper health management play a crucial role in maintaining standard egg weight.
6. Light management
Lighting programs have an important impact on the physiology of hens. Inappropriate increases or decreases in light intensity and duration can affect the size of ovarian follicles and, consequently, the weight of the eggs.
7. Flock size and uniformity
Uniform flocks in terms of body weight produce eggs with more consistent weights. Uneven body weights among birds usually lead to greater variability in egg weight.
8. Stress level and calmness of the flock
Sudden noises, transportation, excessive handling, and heat stress cause a short-term decrease in egg weight. Stress reduction management plays an important role in maintaining stable egg weight.
9. Egg selection and sorting
For incubation, eggs weighing between 52 to 68 grams are generally suitable. Lower weights produce smaller and less robust chicks, while higher weights result in chicks with lower hatch rates.
Conclusion
The weight of fertile eggs is influenced by genetic, nutritional, managerial, and health factors. Scientific management and continuous monitoring of the flock can lead to the production of eggs with uniform weight within the optimal range, ultimately improving the quality and efficiency of hatchery operations and day-old chick production.
Ideal weight table of fertile eggs at different ages of broiler breeder flock